The Silent Heart Condition That Can Raise Your Stroke Risk

Many people are surprised to learn that one of the biggest risk factors for stroke is a condition they may not even know they have. Atrial fibrillation, commonly known as AFib, affects more than 10 million Americans and can cause few, if any, symptoms until a serious complication occurs.

As we observe AFib Awareness Month this September, it's important to know AFib is the most common type of irregular heartbeat. It occurs when the heart's upper chambers beat out of sync with the lower chambers, causing an abnormal rhythm. Some people feel symptoms right away, including a racing or fluttering heartbeat, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness or lightheadedness. Others experience no symptoms at all.

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In fact, it is not uncommon for AFib to be discovered incidentally during a routine physical exam, a procedure for an unrelated condition or through testing ordered for another health concern. That's one reason regular medical care is so important, particularly as we age.

Several factors can increase the risk of developing AFib. Age is one of the most significant, but family history, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol use can also play a role. Certain medical conditions, including high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney disease and obstructive sleep apnea, further increase the likelihood of developing the condition.

While AFib may not always cause noticeable symptoms, its complications can be severe. The condition increases the risk of blood clots forming in the heart, which can travel to the brain and cause a stroke. In fact, people with AFib are five times more likely to experience a stroke than those with a normal heart rhythm. AFib can also contribute to heart failure and other cardiovascular complications if left untreated.
The good news is that effective treatments are available. Depending on a patient's individual needs, treatment may include medications to reduce stroke risk, medications to control heart rate or rhythm, minimally invasive procedures such as catheter ablation, or implantable devices such as pacemakers.

Just as important as medical treatment are the steps patients can take to improve their overall heart health. Maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, getting adequate sleep and following a heart-healthy diet can all help reduce the burden of AFib and improve quality of life.

As a cardiac electrophysiologist, one of the most important messages I share with patients is that AFib is both common and treatable. Recognizing symptoms, understanding your risk factors and seeking care early can make a meaningful difference. By raising awareness and encouraging regular heart health screenings, we can help prevent serious complications and keep more people healthy and active for years to come.