Aurora Borealis Could Appear Over NJ This Week: When To Watch

NEW JERSEY — If the weather cooperates, Wednesday through Friday nights could offer a chance to see the aurora borealis as far south as central Iowa, including in New Jersey.

The best chances for northern lights displays are Thursday, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Prediction Center, which issued G1 (minor), G3 (strong) and G2 (moderate) solar storm watches for Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, respectively.

Here are the late-night skywatching conditions for that range in New Jersey, according to AccuWeather:

• Wednesday night: An evening shower in places; otherwise, partly cloudy. Forty percent chance of precipitation, 8 percent chance of thunderstorms, 61 percent chance of cloud cover.
• Wednesday overnight (early Thursday morning): Partly cloudy. Twenty-five percen chance of precipitation, 34 percent chance of cloud cover.
• Thursday night: Clear to partly cloudy. Twenty-six percent chance of cloud cover, 4 percent chance of precipitation.
• Thursday overnight: Clear. Nine percent chance of cloud cover, 4 percent chance of precipitation.
• Friday night: Mainly clear. Twenty-five percent chance of cloud cover, 5 percent chance of precipitation.
• Friday overnight: Mainly clear. Twenty-five percent chance of cloud cover, 5 percent chance of precipitation.

On Sunday, a plasma cloud known as a coronal mass ejection, or CME, was launched from the sun. Since then, the cloud of charged gas has been heading toward Earth at a high speed and is “expected to arrive at Earth as a glancing blow” on Thursday, potentially producing aurora displays “over the far Northeast to the far upper Midwest, across portions of the north-central states, and perhaps over the northwest section of Washington state.”

Solar storms 93 million miles from Earth occur with more frequency midway through an 11-year cycle in which the sun's magnetic fields flip polarity — and that means the northern lights could dance more often in the next decade or so.

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They are never guaranteed, of course, but aurora experts say the busy season for sunspots should peak between 2023 and 2028.

The sun's magnetic field flips polarity about once every 11 years — and we're in the middle of that process, the solar maximum, solar storm equivalent of the hurricane season, according to Bill Murtagh, program coordinator for the Space Weather Prediction Center.

• Related: Aurora Borealis Hunting: What’s A Kp Index, More Northern Lights Tips

"The sun has negative and positive polarity, just like Earth," Murtagh told meteorologist Jennifer Gray. "During this 11-year period, it does a reversal of the polarity. So negative becomes positive and positive becomes negative. During the middle of that process and transition, that's when those sunspots emerge. So we go through a process when we are in the middle of this transition, we get lots of sunspots and lots of space weather."

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The science behind the aurora borealis is complicated, and all many people care to know is that they're jaw-droppingly beautiful.

The aurora borealis becomes visible to the human eyes when electrons from solar storms collide with the upper reaches of the Earth's atmosphere, according to the Space Weather Prediction Center.

In normal circumstances, the Earth's magnetic field guides the electrons in such a way that the aurora forms two ovals approximately centered at the magnetic poles.