How to Survive the Polar Vortex and Stay Warm

It's subzero outside, and it's important to stay hydrated, appropriately dressed, and warm. Here are some tips on how to avoid frostbite from Dr. Michael E. Silverman, Vice Chairman and Director of Operations, Emergency Medicine, Atlantic Health System's Morristown Medical Center :

• Frostbite occurs when the skin’s temperature drops below 0°C (32°F).
• Symptoms of cold exposure include: numbness, shivering, stiffness (like a “chunk of wood” sensation), and confusion.
• If you develop blisters after you’ve warmed up, you may have had frostbite.
• People are at high risk if they are very young, older or those with other medical problems (especially heart problems) and poor conditioning.
• You are also at increased risk if you rewarm and then refreeze, so recurrent exposure over a short period of time if you allow too long of another exposure can be dangerous.
• You are at higher risk for frostbite if you are wet—and that includes sweat—so try to stay dry.
• Limit the time you are outside to as little as possible.
• Ensure your hands, feet and head are as covered as much as possible.
• Avoid alcohol when spending time in the cold.