Drug-Resistant Stomach Bug On The Rise: What To Know In VA

U.S. cases of drug-resistant Shigella infections are increasing around the country with no FDA-approved oral treatment available, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

In a study published April 9 in the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, health officials described the rise of Shigella cases as “a public health threat,” which can cause diarrhea, fever and more.

According to the latest data, of the 17,000 samples tested, the amount found to have drug-resistant Shigella bacteria increased from 0% in 2011 to 8.5% in 2023.

A researcher with the Virginia Department of Health was part of the working group that compiled the CDC study, though exact state-specific numbers in Virginia and elsewhere are not yet known.

“Whereas earlier U.S. outbreaks involved drug-susceptible strains and primarily affected children, national surveillance data indicate that most XDR [drug-resistant] cases occurred among adult men,” the study said. “Approximately one-third of patients were hospitalized.”

Shigella infection can be spread through fecal-oral transmission, sexual contact, or through contaminated food, water, or fomites, according to the CDC.

While most infections are resolved without treatment, researchers said antibiotics are used for severe illness or to reduce transmission in high-risk settings.

What To Know In Virginia

Each year, Shigella causes an estimated 450,000 infections across the United States. The Virginia Department of Health does not track exact annual numbers within the state.

According to the Department of Health, people with shigellosis may experience mild or severe diarrhea (loose stools), often with fever and traces of blood or mucus in the stool. Some infected people will also experience nausea and vomiting, while others may not show any symptoms at all.

Symptoms may appear anywhere from 1 to 7 days after exposure, but usually appear 1 to 3 days after exposure.

Anyone can get shigellosis, but it is most common in young children. Those at greater risk for infection include children in childcare centers, individuals living in crowded environments and those with limited access to clean water and toilets, including the homeless.

Handwashing is the most important way to prevent infection, according to state health officials. Wash your hands with soap and water:

• After using the toilet
• After changing diapers
• After touching any stool‑soiled material
• Before handling food or drink
• Before eating

To avoid exposure, Virginians should also avoid contaminated food and water. They should also avoid swallowing pool water and stay out of the water if they have diarrhea.

Learn more by visiting the Virginia Department of Health's website.