Measles, Other Disease Vaccinations Lag; How Protected Are CT Kids?

CONNECTICUT — Vaccination rates for measles and other vaccine-preventable childhood illnesses — required for kindergarten entrance in Connecticut — dropped to the lowest levels nationally in more than a decade in the 2021-22 school year, according to a study published last week by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Connecticut requires that incoming kindergarteners be up-to-date on their vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella, or MMR; diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis, or DTaP; varicella and polio.

The report said 93.5 percent of kindergarteners were estimated to be up-to-date on their measles vaccinations when they were enrolled for that school year, but that still left about 250,000 students nationwide unprotected against the disease, declared eradicated in the United States in 2000 because of vaccines developed in the 1950s.

Also in 2021-22, the report estimated 93.1 percent of kindergartners were current on DTaP vaccines and 93.5 percent were current on poliovirus vaccines. In states that require varicella vaccines to control chickenpox, 92.8 percent of students were up-to-date, the report estimated.

Last school year, about 2.6 percent of kindergarteners nationwide had exemptions to at least one of the vaccines for religious or other reasons, but 3.9 percent weren’t up-to-date amid what public health officials have previously warned is a growing tide of vaccine hesitancy.

In Connecticut in the 2021-22 school year, based on a survey of 100 percent of the state’s 35,451 public school students:

• 95.7 percent were current on MMR vaccinations,
• 96 percent were current on DTaP vaccinations,
• 96 percent were current on polio vaccinations,
• 95.5 percent were current on varicella vaccinations, and
• 2.3 percent received exemptions,

The slide nationally follows a similar one in 2020-21, when about 94 percent of students were protected against the diseases, a point below the national target of 95 percent vaccination rates.

Nine states and the District of Columbia, saw measles protection among incoming kindergarten students of less than 90 percent in 2021-22, according to the report.

Ohio is among them, with an MMR vaccination rate of 88.3 percent last year. An outbreak of measles in the Columbus area that began in November has sickened 83 people, the majority of them unvaccinated. Thirty-three people were hospitalized.

It’s a worrisome trend for health officials, who said that with that many unprotected children, clusters of outbreaks can occur, especially in areas with low vaccination rates. That last happened with the 2019 resurgence of measles in 31 states. In all, 1,274 cases were confirmed, the greatest number of measles cases reported in the United States since 1992. Most were in communities with clusters of unvaccinated people, according to the CDC.

There were 13 cases of measles in eight jurisdictions in 2020; 49 cases in five jurisdictions in 2021; and 118 cases in six jurisdictions in 2022.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted both vaccinations and school administrators and nurses’ ability to track which students aren’t up-to-date on their shots. But decreased confidence in pediatric vaccines is also a likely contributor to the lower rates of protection, Dr. Georgina Peacock, the director of the CDC’s immunization division, told reporters Thursday.

“I think it’s a combination of all those things,” Peacock said.

Despite “a nearly complete return to in-person learning after COVID-19 pandemic-associated disruptions, immunization programs continued to report COVID-19–related impacts on vaccination assessment and coverage,” the report said.

“As schools return to in-person learning, high vaccination coverage is critical to continue protecting children and communities from vaccine-preventable diseases,” the researchers wrote in the study.

A survey last month from the Kaiser Family Foundation found nearly a third of U.S. parents oppose school vaccine requirements, saying the decision over childhood vaccinations should rest with them, even if it puts their children at risk of catching a serious illness. That’s up from an October 2019 Pew Research Center poll, when fewer than 20 percent felt that way, Kaiser noted.

“The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic and debates over vaccine requirements and mandates appear to have had an impact on public attitudes towards MMR vaccine requirements for public schools,” Kaiser said.

Dr. Jason Newland, a pediatric infectious disease doctor at St. Louis Children’s Hospital and vice chair for community health at Washington University, told The Associated Press other physicians have told him parents are picking and choosing which vaccines their children should receive.

“It’s crazy,” Newland told the AP. “There’s so much work to be done.”

But even before the pandemic, vaccinations were a bitterly polarizing issue, pitting public health officials against vaccine skeptics who have made the decision to delay vaccinations or not immunize their children at all.

As of Jan. 4, 2023, a total of 315,585 cases of COVID-19 among fully vaccinated persons in Connecticut have been identified, according to state health officials. Those cases account for 10.43 percent of the nearly 2.8 million people in the state who are fully vaccinated.

The Connecticut Department of Public Health is also reporting 600 residents are currently hospitalized with COVID-19, a 98 patient drop from last Thursday. Last week, hospitalizations dropped 63 beds from the prior week.

The state reported 2,545 cases over seven days, a drop of 1,157 cases below last week's tally. The weekly positive test rate was also down on the week, from 17.36 percent to 11.57 percent this week. The actual number of cases is likely higher, as many at-home positive test results go unreported.

DPH has also logged 36 more COVID-associated deaths in the past week, bringing the pandemic tally to 11,899.

In new data posted Friday, the CDC has dropped Fairfield County out of the High/Orange category on its COVID-19 Community Levels Map. It joins New London County at the Yellow/Medium alert level. Litchfield, Hartford, Windham, New Haven, Middlesex and Tolland Counties remain at the highest alert level.

The CDC continues to advise people living in the counties designated in the High/Orange category to wear a mask indoors in public, stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccines, and get tested if they have symptoms. Additional precautions may be needed for residents who are at high risk for severe illness. Connecticut has no mask mandate.