Labor Day 2022: Union Membership In Florida Declines

FLORIDA — As another Labor Day is celebrated, interest in labor unions nationally is picking up after decades of decline.

In Florida, union membership has declined over the past year, although the number of petitions for union representation more than quadrupled last year.

Like many states with economies that have traditionally depended more on agriculture than manufacturing, labor unions have never been strong in Florida.

In fact, Florida was one of the country's first right-to-work states, adopting the law in 1943, and today it's one of 28 right-to-work states.

The purpose of the right-to-work law is to protect a worker's choice to join a union or not without repercussions from union organizers.

Until this year, public employees were not allowed to join unions in Florida.

During the 2022 legislative session, the Florida Legislature amended the state statute, giving public employees the same right to join or decline to join a union that any other worker in Florida has. So far, that has not led to an upswing in union membership across the state.

In 2020, Florida had 524,000 union members — or 6.4 percent of the working population. In 2021, that number decreased to 448,000 — or 5.2 percent of those employed in Florida.

That follows the national trend showing that about 10.3 percent of U.S. workers were union members in 2021, down from 10.8 percent the year before, and in line with pre-pandemic union membership numbers.

The U.S. labor movement has been in decline since 1983, when 20 percent of U.S. workers were union members.

But by the time the year is over, 2022 could tell a different story.

Employers saw an uptick in labor organizing in the three quarters of federal fiscal year 2022 as U.S. workers seek higher pay, better benefits and safer workplaces, contributing to what analysts say is one of the largest labor movements in decades.

From Oct. 1 to June 30, the number of union representation petitions filed increased 56 percent, up to 1,935 from 1,240 during the same period in the 2021 fiscal year, according to the National Labor Relations Board, an independent federal agency charged with enforcing U.S. labor law.

During the same nine-month period in the current fiscal year, complaints about unfair labor practices increased 14.5 percent, to 13,106 from 11,451 in the same fiscal year 2021 period.

In Florida, there were 275 union representation petitions filed this fiscal year, up from 52 during the 2020-21 fiscal year.

The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting labor shortage have been driving factors in the newfound interest in labor unions.

An estimated 47 million Americans quit their jobs ahead of typical retirement age in 2021 in what has been called the “Great Resignation,” upending the relationship between workers and the labor market. Another 20 percent were expected to leave the workforce early in 2022, according to some estimates.

Workers in hundreds of local Starbucks stores, Amazon warehouse employees, Google fiber contractors and even strippers are unionizing. Not only that, unions’ picketing power strengthened during the Great Resignation with 169 labor strikes — the most in any year since 2012, according to Bloomberg Law.

Striking workers represented a range of industries, from food manufacturers like Frito-lay, Nabisco and Kellogg’s to auto and equipment makers like Volvo and John Deere to universities, hospitals, airports and carpenters. Workers at a number of fast-food and retail chains have staged short-term strikes and sickouts.

“I’ve been traveling a lot to picket lines all over the country in the last couple of months, been in so many different states and across all industries. But the one thing that’s been really consistent is the sentiment of the working people who are out there taking the risks is that they are absolutely fed up,” Liz Shuler, president of the AFL-CIO, America’s biggest union, told The Guardian last year.

Part of the rub?

Workers in certain industries were classified as “essential” and required to report to work during the early days of the pandemic, before vaccines were available, but felt “disposable” when they demanded better conditions, Shuler said.

“Those are the folks that really made the sacrifices and the whole time, they were told that they were essential,” she said. “Then they go to the bargaining table, and they’re basically disposable because the companies continued to profit through the pandemic and then say, ‘Thanks, but we’re not going to compensate you, we’re not going to protect you, we’re not going to value and reward you for making those sacrifices.’ ”

Strikes are continuing in 2022. Among them are frontline health care workers, whose demands for better pay and safe working conditions come as hospitals struggle with the recruitment and retention issues driven by burnout.

Hundreds of nurses at University of Wisconsin Health nurses voted to go on strike in early September as they push for unionization.

“We’re striking to put an end to the vicious cycle of understaffing and burnout and to win a union voice, so we can protect the health of our patients and each other,” Tami Burns, a registered nurse who has worked at UW Health since 2017, said in a news release announcing the strike.

The nurses there haven’t officially unionized, but more than 1,500 of them have signed cards saying they want one. In June, the state’s attorney general issued an opinion saying the nurses employed by the health system have the right to unionize.

In general, Bloomberg Law said, striking workers have more leverage now than in the past to affect better working conditions and pay because they’re harder to replace in an era of low unemployment.

All of this is occurring as support for labor unions increases among Americans.

A Gallup poll of U.S. adults last year showed 68 percent support labor unions, the highest approval rating since 1965. A 90 percent majority of Democrats said they support unions, and nearly half of Republicans (47 percent) said the same.

Gallup polls Americans on labor unions every year around Labor Day. The most recent poll hasn’t been released yet. (Information here could change with the release of the 2022 poll, be sure to check if the new poll is out before publishing)

How labor unions are perceived may be changing, Kylah Clay, a Starbucks barista and organizer with Starbucks Workers United, said at a Labor Notes conference in Chicago earlier this summer.

“I think we have the opportunity to make the word ‘union’ no longer some taboo word that we're afraid to say in the workplace,” Clay told Teddy Ostrow, who covers labor, finance and the U.S. economy for New York German Press.