What the Expect: The First Trimester

If you’re already a parent, you know what to expect, but if this is your first child, pregnancy can be a mysterious process.

The average pregnancy lasts 280 days or 40 weeks, calculated from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual period. The first trimester covers weeks 1 to 12.

As soon as the fertilized egg (zygote) latches on to the uterine wall, both the umbilical cord and placenta begin to form. Hormonal changes rapidly begin taking place in your body. Often, early symptoms of pregnancy are mistaken for PMS.

Important Things to Know

When the egg implants itself into the uterine wall, spotting may occur, but it’s always wise to report any bleeding to your doctor to rule out the possibility of miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy or infection.

Additional progesterone can elevate blood pressure, dilate vessels, overheat the body, and force the heart to beat faster when sending blood to the uterus. All these changes can bring about fatigue, moodiness, dizziness and possible fainting.

Progesterone can also slow some body functions down, including digestion which causes nausea, vomiting, constipation, and indigestion. The body reacts by trying to purge what is upsetting it, resulting in morning sickness. Higher Hcg in the body, especially in a multiple pregnancy, can also trigger nausea.

It’s best to avoid foods that repel you during this stage. For intolerable nausea or vomiting, inquire about supplements or devices that can ease discomfort.

If you experience dizziness, move slowly, especially when you get up from sitting or lying down. Should faintness occur, sit down with your head between your knees. Rest when possible. Moderate headaches may be relieved with acetaminophen, but never without consulting your physician. If symptoms are excessive, speak to your doctor.

Cramps, bloating and backache can also be attributed to hormonal fluctuations. Frequent urination, even in this early stage, is usually the result of uterine growth and pressure against the bladder. Fluid intake should not be limited, as this is a normal occurrence.

Breast tenderness is also hormonal. The breasts are preparing themselves for the baby’s upcoming nutritional needs. Investing in a good support bra may help.

What precautions can I take during this time?

• Don’t smoke, and avoid exposure to second hand smoke.
• Don’t drink alcohol or use recreational drugs. Mention any prescription drugs you use to your doctor.
• Avoid caffeine
• Disclose any work hazards to your obstetrician, such as exposure to harmful chemicals, radiation, dangerous metals, toxic waste, etc.
• Do not eat or handle raw meat. Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
• Wear gloves while handling soil. If you own a cat, have someone else change the litter, and wash hands diligently after animal contact to avoid risk of toxoplasmosis which can harm your baby.
• Discuss your diet with your doctor and make necessary recommended changes.
• Take any vitamins, supplements and minerals your doctor prescribes regularly.

Visit CherokeeWomensHealth.com to learn more about your first trimester.