According to the most recent estimates from the CDC, 29 million American adults and children have Type 2 Diabetes, and that number has been steadily increasing. An alarming 79 million more individuals have prediabetes, which often progresses to diabetes, especially in patients who are overweight, sedentary, and have a family history of diabetes.
When left untreated, diabetes can lead to complications like heart disease, blindness, kidney failure and neuropathy, or nerve damage. Diabetes also hits the wallet hard. On average, people with diabetes have health care costs 2.3 times higher than those without diabetes.
If you’re at risk for diabetes, there are at least five important lifestyle changes you can make today to reduce your risk and prevent, or at least slow down, the development of diabetes.
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Get moving! Few of us relish the thought of long hours of sweaty exercise, but that’s really not necessary. Just 30 minutes of moderate daily exercise, like brisk walking, has been shown to reduce the risk of developing diabetes by 30 percent. Using your muscles and making them work harder not only allows them to use up more glucose, but it also lets your body use insulin better, which takes the stress off of your insulin-producing cells. Further research suggests that adding a few days of strength training to that walking routine will reduce the risk by as much as 60 percent.
Make things more complex. Most people are aware that carbohydrate foods cause your blood sugar to increase, but not all carbs are bad. Complex carbohydrates like oatmeal, whole grain bread, brown rice, legumes and vegetables are healthy carbs that provide the glucose your body needs at a slow and steady rate. The more simple carbs – candy, desserts, sodas, juices, and even white bread – are the ones to limit. They can cause your blood sugar to rise too quickly and stress your insulin. Choose a small serving of a complex carb at every meal.
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Lose a few pounds. Carrying excess weight increases your odds of developing diabetes dramatically, with those in the overweight category being seven times more likely to develop diabetes. If you’re in the obese category ( body mass indexhigher than 30), you are 20 to 40 times more likely to develop diabetes than someone with a healthy weight. Again, you don’t have to strive for perfection. Research shows that losing just 7 to 10 percent of your current weight can cut your chances of developing Type 2 diabetes in half.
Snack more. Eating a healthy, balanced snack in between smaller meals helps to control blood sugar and quell your hunger so you don’t overdo it at the next meal. Healthy snacks should consist of a fruit or vegetable; a protein like low fat cottage cheese, nonfat Greek yogurt, lean meat (turkey, chicken or tuna), or a hard-boiled egg; and a complex carb like whole-wheat crackers or pita bread, or popcorn. Including at least three different food groups in your snacks not only keeps things interesting, it really helps to fill and nourish your body so you have the energy you need to be more active during the day.
Add, don’t subtract. Rather than focusing on what you can’t have in your diet, which can leave you frustrated and feeling deprived, try to fill up on more of the healthy foods that are good for you. Even some occasional sweets and desserts can have their place if most of your diet consists of lots of fruits and vegetables(at least one or two servings at each meal and snack), complex carbs, some lean meats and low fat dairy.
Diabetes can often be prevented if you take these steps early enough and stay on track with a healthy lifestyle. For more information on managing both diabetes and prediabetes, talk to your healthcare provider.
About Helen Mastro, RD
Helen Mastro is a registered dietician who has been with Harvard Vanguard since 1993. She sees patients at the Somerville and Wellesley practice locations. While she provides medical nutrition therapy education for a wide variety of nutritional problems, she has a particular interest in the areas of diabetes education, obesity, and pediatric nutrition.
Harvard Vanguard offers a prediabetes class, called Reduce Your Risk: Stop Diabetes in its Tracks, at the Braintree, Chelmsford, Kenmore, Medford, Quincy, andWellesleypractices. For more information about class times by locations, visitwww.HarvardVanguard.org.
