How Older Adults Can Stay Safe in the Summer Heat

As temperatures rise this summer, it’s essential for older adults to take special precautions to stay healthy and safe. Extreme heat can be more than just uncomfortable; it can be a serious health risk. When a heatwave strikes, it's crucial to stay in a cool, indoor environment as much as possible. If you need to be outside, limit your activity to the cooler morning and evening hours. 

"Older adults are particularly vulnerable to the effects of extreme heat," says Zeeshan Khan, M.D., chief of Geriatric Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center (JSUMC). "Their bodies don't adjust to changes in temperature as quickly, and they are more likely to have chronic health conditions or take medications that can interfere with the body's ability to regulate temperature."

Older adults are more vulnerable to dehydration because their bodies hold less water and their sense of thirst can decrease with age. “This risk is even greater for those taking diuretics, often called 'water pills,' which are prescribed for conditions like high blood pressure and cause the body to lose more fluid. This combination can quickly lead to dehydration, and it's crucial to drink water throughout the day to combat this,” explains Dr. Khan. Eating fruits/vegetables with high water content, like watermelon and cucumbers, can also help fight off dehydration. It's best to limit caffeine and alcohol as both can be dehydrating. “It's important to talk to your doctor about how to stay hydrated safely during hot weather,” says Dr. Khan.

Stock your pantry with light, easy-to-prepare foods and plenty of hydrating fluids. Dress in lightweight, loose-fitting, and light-colored clothing to help your body stay cool. Cool showers or baths can also provide relief. If you don't have air conditioning, identify a local cooling center, such as a library or community center, where you can spend the hottest parts of the day.  “The best way to think about heat safety is to stay ahead of the heat rather than react to it. Hydrate before you’re thirsty, seek shade before you feel overheated, take breaks before you’re exhausted, and check on vulnerable family members before they develop symptoms. Most heat-related emergencies are entirely preventable when we plan ahead,” explains Harry Kopolovich, M.D., MBA, chair of Emergency Medicine, JSUMC and K. Hovnanian Children’s Hospital.

It's also vital to know the signs of heat-related illness. "Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are medical emergencies that require immediate attention," warns Dr. Kopolovich. "Symptoms of heat exhaustion can include heavy sweating, weakness, cold and clammy skin, and a weak pulse. If you experience these, move to a cooler place, loosen your clothes, and sip water. Heatstroke is even more serious and is characterized by a high body temperature, hot and dry skin, and a rapid, strong pulse. If you suspect heatstroke, call 9-1-1 immediately."

Lastly, remember to stay connected. Check on friends, family, and neighbors, and ask them to do the same for you. By looking out for one another, we can all have a safe and healthy summer.  “As temperatures climb over the next several days, JSUMC E.D. physicians, nurses, advanced practice clinicians, technicians, and support staff remain ready to provide expert care should heat-related illness occur,” says Dr. Kopolovich. “Our hope, however, is that through preparation and prevention, everyone can safely enjoy the summer season.”

JSUMC’s emergency services include an accredited Geriatric Emergency Department, verified by American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), dedicated Pediatric Emergency Department, and New Jersey’s first Level 1 Adult and Pediatric Trauma Center, verified by American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS COT). The academic medical center also provides an ACS verified Geriatric Surgery program. For information, visit www.hackensackmeridianhealth.org/en/locations/jersey-shore-university-medical-center. For a free physician referral, call 844-HMH-WELL.