The Winter Blues – Seasonal Affective Disorder

It’s that time again. Clocks have been changed back, the temperature is getting cooler, and for some individuals a late fall, early winter sadness begins. 

If you suffer from this type of mood change, you are not alone. Many individuals in the U.S. suffer from a type of depression called Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).  Estimates of the occurrence rate for SAD range from 1.4 percent in Florida, to 9.7 percent in New Hampshire.

SAD) is described as a type of depression that occurs during a specific time of the year, usually late fall into winter. It typically begins as we lose daylight and do not spend enough time and activity outdoors in sunlight. SAD is thought to be related to melatonin, serotonin, and a person’s biological clock. 

The hormone melatonin may be disrupted by the change in season and amount of available light, affecting mood and sleep patterns. Sunshine or bright light inhibits melatonin from being produced, resulting in a person feeling more awake. During the fall and winter months, however, less light may be available causing more melatonin to be produced. The higher the level of melatonin, the more sluggish and tired a person may be.

Serotonin, a neurotransmitter, is an important brain chemical related to mood, and less light may lower the level of serotonin, causing depression to occur. 

Another name for biological clock is circadian rhythm. When there is less sunlight, a person’s internal clock may be changed, causing a disruption in sleep patterns.  Problems with sleep can contribute to sadness and depression.  

Similar to other types of depression, symptoms of SAD may include feeling sad most of the day, hopelessness, withdrawing from social activities, change in appetite, trouble getting out of bed in the morning, difficulty concentrating, lack of energy, irritability, and trouble sleeping. It is more prevalent in women than men, and is thought to decrease with age. 

There is no specific diagnostic test for SAD. It is generally diagnosed by a health care professional asking you about your symptoms and change in mood. Blood work may also be done to rule out other illnesses or causes for depression. Treatment options for SAD include taking antidepressant medication, counseling, and light therapy.

The specific cause of this condition is not known. Being proactive may help to lessen your symptoms before they become severe. If you believe you suffer from SAD, contact a health care professional.

Dr. Christine Weber is a clinical psychologist/neuropsychologist with a practice on 2234 Jackson Ave, Seaford.