Under the Weather? How to Identify the Different Types of Winter

Although winter is commonly known as “flu season,” the influenza virus is not the only illness that runs rampant this time of year – there is typically a rise in both common cold and sinus infection cases, too.

Unfortunately, it can be tough to tell these three major winter ailments apart as they share many of the same symptoms, such as a cough, stuffy nose, sore throat and headache. But knowing what is making you sick is critical to make sure you get appropriate care.

“It is important to recognize the symptoms so you can get treated and back on your feet as quickly as possible,” said Dr. Jack Cornwell, medical director for CareWell Urgent Care. “If you are experiencing chills, moderate to high fever, intense muscular aches throughout your body and are abnormally exhausted, chances are you are dealing with the influenza virus.”

Other flu symptoms, like nausea and vomiting, can also occur but are more common in children than adults. Flu symptoms tend to come on more quickly, are more severe and can lead to serious complications, including pneumonia.

“The flu virus can actually be in your body for several days before you even start showing symptoms,” said Dr. Cornwell. “The best way to protect yourself is to get the flu vaccine each year.”

The common cold can often look like a milder version of the flu. In addition to the common winter illness symptoms, colds usually include sneezing and a chronically runny nose. They are often more inconvenient than debilitating, although you should monitor yourself to make sure your symptoms don’t increase or get worse.

“If your symptoms of a cold persist for more than 10 days, see your doctor to discuss possible treatment options,” said Dr. Cornwell.

Since the cold is so common, prevention is key. The easiest way to avoid colds and other illnesses this time of year is by frequently washing your hands, eating immune-supporting foods like fruits and vegetables, drinking lots of fluids and getting plenty of rest.

While colds and the flu are viral infections, a sinus infection occurs when the space around your nasal passages (your sinuses) are swollen and inflamed, which is often caused by allergies, asthma, bacterial infections and colds.

“When dealing with a sinus infection,” said Dr. Cornwell, “one of the main symptoms is pain and pressure behind the eyes and cheeks as well as in the forehead, which is where the sinus cavities are.”

Other symptoms can include congestion, bad breath and a distinct, thick green or yellow mucus that drains either out the nose or down the back of the throat, which can lead to irritation and soreness of the throat cavity. This is different from the common cold, where the color and texture of mucus tends to be clear and runny.

“If your sinus infection symptoms last longer than a week you should see your doctor,” said Dr. Cornwell. “Urgent care centers can also prescribe antibiotics to help treat your sinus infection.”

The major symptoms of all three winter illnesses usually last about a week, although with influenza, fatigue may last up to several weeks. Prescription antiviral drugs may also be given to patients in some flu cases, although over-the-counter pain reliever/fever reducer medicines and decongestants are often used to combat both flu and cold symptoms.

“In the end, listening to your body is the most important thing you can do,” said Dr. Cornwell. “Understanding when something doesn’t feel right and then being able to accurately assess your symptoms can lead to a much clearer path on your road to recovery.”