Hot Stove Special: Hall of Fame Preview

Below is a list of players on the Hall of Fame ballot, accompanied by their years active, whether or not I would vote for them, career stats, best season stats, and an explanation.  The voting will be announced on January 8th.

Moises Alou (1990-2008). Vote: No.
Career Stats: 332 HR, 1287 RBI, .303 AVG, 106 SB.  Best Season (2000): 30 HR, 114 RBI, .355 AVG, 3 SB.
Moises Alou is in his first year on the ballot, and unlike many on the ballot, he's not an immediate no.  He hit for an extremely high average, finishing in the top three in the NL in batting average in 1994 (.339, 3rd), 2000 (.355, 2nd), and 2001 (.331, 3rd).  He also hit for good power, knocking 303 home runs over his 18 year career.  For a player in any other era, his great combination of average and power would give him serious Hall consideration.  However, he played in the power era, with many players, steroids or no steroids, were knocking 40, 50, or even 60 home runs per season with an offensive explosion not seen since the 1920's.  Sorry Moises, but you have to be at the forefront of your era to get in.

Jeff Bagwell (1991-2005). Vote: Yes.
Career Stats: 449 HR, 1529 RBI, .297 AVG, 202 SB.  Best Season (1994): 39 HR, 116 RBI, .368 AVG, 15 SB.
Of course, Bagwell played through the Steroid Era, and everybody is a suspect.  However, there have never been allegations against him in particular, and I cannot with a good conscience accuse him.  He was one of the premier power hitters of his time, averaging 29.9 home runs per season over his 15 year career, including 35.7 per season during his prime from 1994-2004.  He was the 1991 NL Rookie of the Year as well as the 1994 NL MVP.  Though he did not play for 22 seasons like some of the guys on the ballot, his prime lasted almost his entire career, as he played in at least 110 games in every season from 1991-2004, giving him true longevity rather than basic longevity based on years.  It could be argued that he is the best hitter in Astros history.

Armando Benitez (1994-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 40-47, 3.13 ERA, 1.22 WHIP, 289 SV.  Best Season (2004): 2-2, 1.29 ERA, 0.82 WHIP, 47 SV.
Benitez was one of the best closers in baseball from 1999-2004, registering over 40 saves three times.  However, in order for a reliever to be elected to the Hall of Fame, he has to be more of the Trevor Hoffman/Mariano Rivera/Billy Wagner type that had been registering saves and striking fear into the hearts of batters for as long as anybody can remember.  Benitez was good, but not Hall of Fame good.

Craig Biggio (1988-2007).  Vote: Yes.
Career Stats: 291 HR, 1175 RBI, .281 AVG, 414 SB.  Best Season (1998): 20 HR, 88 RBI, .325 AVG, 50 SB.
One of the most important aspects of a Hall of Famer is longevity, and Biggio certainly had it.  His 2850 games played rank 16th all time, between Robin Yount and Al Kaline, both Hall of Famers.  His 10,876 at bats are 12th, between Willie Mays and Paul Molitor, also both Hall of Famers.  He is one of only 28 players ever to knock 3000 hits, ranking 20th with 3060.  Additionally, his is 5th in doubles (668), 14th in runs (1844), and 2nd in hit by pitches (285).  Among returning Hall of Fame hopefuls, Biggio ranks highest in percent of the vote at 68.2%.  A player needs 75% to get in.

Barry Bonds (1986-2007).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 762 HR, 1996 RBI, .298 AVG, 514 SB.  Best Season (2002): 46 HR, 110 RBI, .370 AVG, 9 SB.
On pure numbers, Barry Bonds could be considered the greatest hitter of all time.  He is the all time Home Run King (762), and is also 3rd in RBI (1996, behind only Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth), 3rd in runs (2227, behind only Rickey Henderson and Ty Cobb), 4th in OPS (1.051), 5th in slugging percentage (.607), 5th in on-base percentage (.444), 14th in doubles (601), and even 33rd in stolen bases (514).  All these numbers should make him a slam dunk, except for one thing: steroids.  Not only did he undoubtedly use them, but he abused them, denied his usage, and went to court for perjury and obstruction of justice.  A player such as Bonds, who certainly has the on field credits, should not be elected because he miserably fails the off-field requirements of merely being a positive influence on the game.

Sean Casey (1997-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 130 HR, 735 RBI, .302 AVG, 18 SB.  Best Season (1999): 25 HR, 99 RBI, .332 AVG, 0 SB.
Casey was good, but he was simply just another player during his time in the bigs.  He put up extremely good seasons in 1999, 2000, and 2004, but other than that, he put up pedestrian numbers over his 12 year career.  I like him, but there is no question that the answer is no to his Hall aspirations.

Roger Clemens (1984-2007).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 354-184, 3.12 ERA, 1.17 WHIP.  Best Season (1986): 24-4, 2.48 ERA, 0.97 WHIP.
Roger Clemens has a very similar case to Barry Bonds.  He won 354 games and posted a 3.12 ERA over an immensely long, 24 year career, winning a record seven Cy Young Awards.  Statistically, he's one of the best pitchers of the last 50 years.  However, the steroid and perjury issues arise again.  It's almost consensus that Clemens used steroids, but he lied to the world repeatedly on his usage.  He also had clauses in his contracts that allowed him to skip road trips when he wasn't supposed to pitch.  To me, he is not a Hall of Famer due to his off field behavior that created an extremely negative atmosphere for him and his team.

Ray Durham (1995-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 192 HR, 875 RBI, .277 AVG, 273 SB.  Best Season (1998): 19 HR, 67 RBI, .285 AVG, 36 SB.
Durham was an excellent all-around player during his time with the White Sox and Giants, but he wasn't an exceptional player.  He had good, not great, power, and hit for a good, not great, average.  He had very good speed, but he never led the league in stolen bases or triples.  He also made only two All Star teams.

Eric Gagne (1999-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 33-26, 3.47 ERA, 1.16 WHIP, 187 SV.  Best Season (2003): 2-3, 1.20 ERA, 0.69 WHIP, 55 SV.
In a three year run from 2002-2004, Gagne put up some of the best numbers ever seen by a reliever, going 13-7 with a 1.79 ERA, 0.82 WHIP, and 152 saves in 224 appearances.  Other than those three years, however, he was extremely inconsistent and he ended up retiring after only ten seasons at the age of 32.

Tom Glavine (1987-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 305-203, 3.54 ERA, 1.31 WHIP.  Best Season (1991): 20-11, 2.55 ERA, 1.09 WHIP.
Many people believe that Tom Glavine should be in the Hall of Fame.  He was, as a matter of fact, one of the best left handed starters of his era.  He also had the longevity that so well defines many Hall of Famers, making 682 starts over 22 seasons.  I do not believe he should be in the Hall because many pitchers of the era, including Roger Clemens, Greg Maddux, Pedro Martinez, and Randy Johnson overshadowed him.  Additionally, he allowed opponents to bat .257 against him for his career, resulting in a less than excellent 1.31 career WHIP and 3.54 ERA.  He's close, but I would say no cigar.

Luis Gonzalez (1990-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 354 HR, 1439 RBI, .283 AVG, 128 SB.  Best Season (2001): 57 HR, 142 RBI, .325 AVG, 1 SB.
Gonzalez was very good, making five All Star teams and establishing himself as the best hitter in Diamondbacks history.  Despite his success, I would have to vote him down because of the era in which he played.  Even when he burst out for his incredible 2001 season that defined his career and where he knocked 57 home runs, drove in 142, and batted .325, he still finished just third in the NL in home runs, third in RBI, and tenth in average.  In fact, it all added up to an incredible 1.117 OPS, but that was also third, behind Barry Bonds (1.379) and Sammy Sosa (1.174).  Gonzalez, like Moises Alou, was just in the wrong era.

Jacque Jones (1999-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 165 HR, 630 RBI, .277 AVG, 82 SB.  Best Season (2002): 27 HR, 85 RBI, .300 AVG, 6 SB.
Jones was a successful player during his career, but he's a certain no for the Hall.  He hit 20-30 home runs per season and kept his average in the .260 to .300 range, making him a good, not great hitter.  Additionally, he retired after ten seasons, having never made an All Star team.

Todd Jones (1993-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 58-63, 3.97 ERA, 1.41 WHIP, 319 SV.  Best Season (2005): 1-5, 2.10 ERA, 1.03 WHIP, 40 SV.
Todd Jones has the name of a menacing closer, but he only racked up 319 saves because he spent most of his time pitching for mediocre teams that had no better option for closer.  He had some good years, but really, he was a Jose Veras type pitcher who was only closer out of necessity.  2000 was the only year that he was an All Star.

Jeff Kent (1992-2008).  Vote: Yes.
Career Stats: 377 HR, 1518 RBI, .290 AVG, 94 SB.  Best Season (2000): 33 HR, 125 RBI, .334 AVG, 12 SB.
At first, Kent looks like a no.  However, I would vote him in on the basis that he was the leading second baseman of his time, perhaps one of the greatest ever.  Among all time second basemen, he is the home run king by far with 377, well ahead of second place Rogers Hornsby (301).  He also ranks third in RBI with 1518, behind only Nap Lajoie and Hornsby, third in slugging percentage at .500, fourth in doubles at 560, and fourth in OPS at .855.  He's a five time All Star that also won the 2000 NL MVP Award.

Paul Lo Duca (1998-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 80 HR, 481 RBI, .286 AVG, 20 SB.  Best Season (2001): 25 HR, 90 RBI, .320 AVG, 2 SB.
Paul Lo Duca is basically an automatic no.  He played in just 1082 games for his career (as compared to 2850 for Craig Biggio), hitting 80 home runs and batting .286.  He only had two really good years, though he did make four straight All Star teams from 2003-2006.

Greg Maddux (1986-2008).  Vote: Yes.
Career Stats: 355-227, 3.16 ERA, 1.14 WHIP.  Best Season (1995): 19-2, 1.63 ERA, 0.81 WHIP.
To me, Maddux was one of the best pitchers of the last fifty years.  He was the best pitcher of the 1990's, standing out ahead of Roger Clemens, Randy Johnson, and Pedro Martinez for that decade and earning four straight NL Cy Young Awards from 1992-1995.  He also captured 18 Gold Gloves in 19 years while earning his way onto eight All Star teams.  The Professor may end up being the first unanimous selection to the Hall of Fame, and he will certainly be a first ballot guy.

Edgar Martinez (1987-2004).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 309 HR, 1261 RBI, .312 AVG, 49 SB.  Best Season (1995): 29 HR, 113 RBI, .356 AVG, 4 SB.
If Edgar Martinez had played in the field, I would have said yes.  But, as a guy who only appeared in 564 games as anything but a designated hitter, I can't vote him in.  Now, if he been a David Ortiz type guy who absolutely carried his team, a playoff caliber team at that, with the bat, he could overcome the DH obstacle, but he was a great, not legendary, hitter.  He's close, close enough that if he had played in the field, I would have voted him in.

Don Mattingly (1982-1995).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 222 HR, 1099 RBI, .307 AVG, 14 SB.  Best Season (1986): 31 HR, 113 RBI, .352 AVG, 0 SB.
Mattingly is another close but no cigar player.  He is in his 14th year on the ballot, meaning if he doesn't make it this year or next year, he's done.  He was an excellent fielder, capturing nine Gold Gloves in ten years from 1985-1994, and was also an excellent hitter, earning three straight Silver Sluggers from 1985-1987.  He was also the 1985 AL MVP.  What really kills his chances, in my eyes, is that he only had eight seasons where he appeared in 135 games or more.  He had a short, albeit exceptional, prime from 1984-1989, then saw his production fall in the 1990's.  In terms of playing ability, he is a yes, but in longevity, he is a no.

Fred McGriff (1986-2004).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 493 HR, 1550 RBI, .284 AVG, 72 SB.  Best Season (1994): 34 HR, 94 RBI, .318 AVG, 7 SB.
McGriff, like Martinez and Mattingly, is close, but I say no.  The Crime Dog put up some pretty good numbers, but remember, we're talking about the Hall of Fame, not the All Star team.  He never won an MVP award and did not hit for a very high average, finishing at .284 for his career.  Only in four of his nineteen big league seasons did he bat over .300, topping out at .318 in 1994.

Mark McGwire (1986-2001).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 583 HR, 1414 RBI, .263 AVG, 12 SB.  Best Season (1998): 70 HR, 147 RBI, .299 AVG, 1 SB.
I said no to players like Moises Alou, Luis Gonzalez, Edgar Martinez, and Fred McGriff because the era they played in featured so many great hitters, then I said no to Barry Bonds and Mark McGwire, who actually rose to the top of the era, because they used steroids.  My logic may seem flawed based on that, but I'll defend it in saying that an era characterized by cheating should not feature a large number of Hall of Famers.  McGwire was extremely good, even Hall of Fame good, knocking home runs at a record setting pace (he hit 245 home runs in just four seasons from 1996-1999).  The issue of steroids arises with him, and for a guy that batted .263 for his career, that kills his chances.

Jack Morris (1977-1994).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 254-186, 3.90 ERA, 1.30 WHIP.  Best Season (1986): 21-8, 3.27 ERA, 1.16 WHIP.
It's Morris' 15th and final season on the ballot, and it's looking pretty uncertain whether or not he'll get in.  He has 254 wins as well as 175 complete games, but his other numbers just don't scream "Hall of Fame".  He never posted an ERA under 3.05, nor did he ever bring his WHIP below 1.16.  He is better known for his postseason contributions, totaling a 7-4 mark and a 3.80 ERA in 13 postseason starts.  In the World Series, he is a career 4-2 with a 2.96 ERA in seven starts.  He won World Series in 1984, 1991, 1992, and 1993.

Mike Mussina (1991-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 270-153, 3.68 ERA, 1.19 WHIP.  Best Season (1992): 18-5, 2.54 ERA, 1.08 WHIP.
Mussina is the all time record holder in consecutive seasons with double digit wins, reaching the mark every year from 1992-2008, a 17 year span where he racked up 266 wins, or 15.6 per season.  He was an excellent fielder, earning seven Gold Gloves, and also a five time All Star.  However, if you look at the numbers aside from his wins, he didn't quite reach the "legendary" status needed for the Hall.  For the record, I do hold players to a higher standard than most voters (I would not have voted in Barry Larkin, Roberto Alomar, or Bert Blyleven, all of whom have been elected in recent years).  He only once posted an ERA below 3.00 and never won a Cy Young Award (like Morris).  

Hideo Nomo (1995-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 123-109, 4.24 ERA, 1.35 WHIP.  Best Season (1995): 13-6, 2.54 ERA, 1.06 WHIP.
Hideo Nomo may be the greatest MLB pitcher to come out of Japan (at least until Yu Darvish gets some years under his belt), but he really only had a few great seasons.  He was the 1995 NL Rookie of the Year, going 13-6 with a 2.54 ERA in 28 starts, but aside from 1995, 1996, 2002, and 2003, he was an average pitcher at best.  Nomo finished with 123 wins and a 4.24 ERA, neither of which are Hall caliber.

Rafael Palmeiro (1986-2005).  Vote: Yes.
Career Stats: 569 HR, 1835 RBI, .288 AVG, 97 SB.  Best Season (1999): 47 HR, 148 RBI, .324 AVG, 2 SB.
Deciding on Palmeiro was very difficult.  He did test positive for steroids in 2005, but vehemently denied using, claiming that the positive test came from a tainted B12 pill.  Congress looked into his case and found no evidence that he used steroids.  Though I believe he did use, I have to vote him in because aside from the positive test in the 20th and final year of his career, there is no evidence.  Also, although he may have used, the point of keeping these guys out of the Hall is not whether or not they were juicers, but whether they were a positive or negative influence on the game.  Obviously, Palmeiro, unlike Roger Clemens, Barry Bonds, and Mark McGwire, was not a negative influence.  He was one of the leading hitters of his time, knocking over 3000 hits and hitting 569 home runs.  He was a three time Gold Glover and hit at least 20 home runs every season from 1991-2004, batting at least .258 in each of those seasons.

Mike Piazza (1992-2007).  Vote: Yes.
Career Stats: 427 HR, 1335 RBI, .308 AVG, 17 SB.  Best Season (1997): 40 HR, 124 RBI, .362 AVG, 5 SB.
Piazza was just as difficult to decide on as Palmeiro.  Like Palmeiro, he had the numbers to get in.  Piazza always had rumors swirling around him, but never had a shred of evidence that he ever used steroids.  Therefore, I am inclined to vote him in on the basis of innocent until proven guilty.  The guy hit over 400 home runs and batted over .300 for his career, all while playing the most difficult position on the diamond: catcher.  He was an All Star in 12 of his 13 full seasons, hit 40 home runs twice, batted over .300 nine times, and won ten straight Silver Sluggers.  He may be the greatest offensive catcher of all time.

Tim Raines (1979-2002).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 170 HR, 980 RBI, .294 AVG, 808 SB.  Best Season (1987): 18 HR, 68 RBI, .330 AVG, 50 SB.
Raines is almost an immediate no, except for two things.  He did play for 24 years, starting off at 19 and not retiring until until he was 43, and he also stole 808 bases with a success rate of 85%.  To me, though, in order for a player to ride his speed into the Hall of Fame, that speed has to translate into runs scored.  Sure, he is fifth on the all time list in stolen bases, but he is 52nd in runs scored at 1571.  And if you're not going to be driving in a lot of runs (which he wasn't), you better be scoring a lot.  Of course, 1571 is a lot of runs scored, but remember, this is the Hall of Fame we're talking.

Kenny Rogers (1989-2008).  Vote No.
Career Stats: 219-156, 4.27 ERA, 1.40 WHIP.   Best Season (1998): 16-8, 3.17 ERA, 1.18 WHIP.
If you finish your career with a career ERA over 4.00, there better have something special to get into the Hall.  Rogers doesn't, acting as merely an above average starter for most of his career and making only four All Star teams in his 20 years in the majors.  He never won 20 games, had an ERA under 3.00, or had a WHIP under 1.10.

Curt Schilling (1988-2007).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 216-146, 3.46 ERA, 1.14 WHIP.  Best Season (2001): 22-6, 2.98 ERA, 1.08 WHIP.
Schilling is close, but no cigar for me.  His career was largely defined by big seasons, rather than a big, well, career.  He thrice won 20 games and thrice struck out 300, but wasn't much more than an above average pitcher in his other years.  Take out 1997, 2001, and 2002 from his career and he was 154-122 with a 3.58 ERA over 17 years, rather than 216-146 with a 3.46 ERA over 20, including those years.  He was just too inconsistent for me.

Richie Sexson (1997-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 306 HR, 943 RBI, .261 AVG, 14 SB.  Best Season (2003): 45 HR, 124 RBI, .272 AVG, 2 SB.
Sexson was a big power hitter, but that was really all he had going for him.  His career high for batting average is a modest .279, and he struck out 1313 times in 1367 at bats.  Sexson made exactly two All Star teams.

Lee Smith (1980-1997).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 71-92, 3.03 ERA, 1.26 WHIP, 478 SV.  Best Season (1991): 6-3, 2.34 ERA, 1.14 WHIP, 47 SV.
Smith was the former all time saves king, but he has recently been surpassed by both Trevor Hoffman and Mariano Rivera.  He was one of the great closers of the 1980's and '90's, but for a reliever to get into the Hall of Fame, he should be one of the best closers ever, not just for his own era.  To me, the Hall only has room for Rivera, Hoffman, Bruce Sutter, and Billy Wagner.

J.T. Snow (1992-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 189 HR, 877 RBI, .268 AVG, 20 SB.  Best Season (1997): 28 HR, 104 RBI, .281 AVG, 6 SB.
Snow may have been a mainstay on the Giants, but he was no Hall of Famer.  He never made an All Star team, employed decent power, and hit for a decent average.  He was a great fielder, winning six Gold Gloves, but his defense did not make up for his lack of offense.

Sammy Sosa (1989-2007).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 609 HR, 1667 RBI, .273 AVG, 234 SB.  Best Season (2001): 64 HR, 160 RBI, .328 AVG, 0 SB.
By the numbers, Sammy Sosa was one of the best hitters ever.  He hit over 600 home runs and thrice knocked over 60 in a season, but the issue of steroids again rears its ugly head.  He was a known abuser, also being caught corking his bat in 2003.  The Hall of Fame voters were pretty clear about his chances, as he received just 12.5% of the vote last year.

Frank Thomas (1990-2008).  Vote: Yes.
Career Stats: 521 HR, 1704 RBI, .301 AVG, 32 SB.  Best Season (1996): 40 HR, 134 RBI, .349 AVG, 1 SB.
The Big Hurt, standing 6'5" and weighing in at 240 pounds, was one of the greatest hitters of the Steroid Era.  However, unlike the men he stood beside at the top (McGwire, Bonds, Sosa, Palmeiro), he was never linked to steroids.  In fact, he remained an outspoken opponent of the drug his entire career.  At the plate, he was a menace to opposing pitchers, hitting 40 home runs five times and batting over .300 nine times.  He was a five time All Star and four time Silver Slugger, as well as the AL MVP in both 1993 and 1994.  To me, there is no doubt the Big Hurt should be in the Hall.

Mike Timlin (1991-2008).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 75-73, 3.63 ERA, 1.28 WHIP, 141 SV.  Best Season (2002): 4-6, 2.98 ERA, 0.92 WHIP, 0 SV.
Timlin was a four time World Series champion (1992, 1993, 2004, and 2007) and a dominant reliever, but he was never Hall of Fame good.  He spent most of his career as a set-up man, only closing from 1996-2000, and never made an All Star team.  

Alan Trammell (1977-1996).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 185 HR, 1003 RBI, .285 AVG, 236 SB.  Best Season (1987): 28 HR, 105 RBI, .343 AVG, 21 SB.
Though he is one of the all time great Tigers, Trammell was not a Hall of Famer.  He hit for moderate power with a good average, good speed, and good defense.  Nothing about his play was great, except maybe for the fact that he appeared in 2293 games, all with Detroit.  

Larry Walker (1989-2005).  Vote: No.
Career Stats: 383 HR, 1311 RBI, .313 AVG, 230 SB.  Best Season (1997): 49 HR, 130 RBI, .366 AVG, 33 SB.
Walker has the numbers to get in, and he was never accused of steroids.  Why is he not in?  Denver, Colorado.  Playing his home games at Mile High Stadium and Coors Field in the days before the humidor, Walker was able to put up insane numbers.  There is no doubt that the high altitude in Colorado had a crazy effect on his numbers.  Look at his numbers with the Expos from 1990-1994.  Average season (130.8 games): 19.8 HR, 76 RBI, .284 AVG.  With the Rockies from 1995-1999: average season (124.8 games): 32.6 HR, 94.2 RBI, .344 AVG.  Of course, part of that attributes to his maturing as a hitter.  Let's split up a season; here's the 1999 season, where he hit 37 home runs and batted .379.  In 66 home games, he batted .461 with 26 home runs.  In 61 road games, he batted .286 with 11 home runs.  Splits were similar for other seasons.  To really gage his Hall of Fame value, one must seriously tone down his stats, bringing him down from 383 home runs to, say 340, and bringing his average down from .313 to, say, .295.  I say no.

In short, here is my list of Hall of Famers, in order of how much they deserve to be in (most deserving at the top).
1. Greg Maddux
2. Frank Thomas
3. Craig Biggio
4. Jeff Bagwell
5. Rafael Palmeiro
6. Mike Piazza
7. Jeff Kent

The players who came the closest, before being turned down, were Tom Glavine, Fred McGriff, Edgar Martinez, Luis Gonzalez, and Lee Smith.

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Teams followed in this update: Washington Nationals, Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, Chicago Cubs, Tampa Bay Rays, Los Angeles Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies, Colorado Rockies, Detroit Tigers
If your team is not included, please leave a comment.
HR: home runs.  RBI: runs batted in.  AVG: batting average.  SB: stolen bases.  ERA: earned run average. WHIP: walks/hits per innings pitched.  K's: strikeouts. WPCT: winning percentage
Zack Silverman