PFAS 'Forever Chemicals': What The Latest Data Shows About MA's Water

MASSACHUSETTS — Residents of Massachusets are among 89.3 million people nationwide who have drinking water that has tested positive for toxic "forever chemicals," known collectively as PFAS, according to new data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

In April, the EPA finalized landmark drinking water standards that establish strict limits on PFOA and PFOS, two of the most toxic of the forever chemicals. In the most recent round of testing, at least one of the 29 kinds of PFAS were found in one-third of 4,750 public water systems tested in 2023 and 2024.

According to the EPA, dozens of public water systems in Massachusetts have tested positive for PFAS higher than the proposed limit.

An analysis of the PFAS data by map by the Environmental Working Group that includes the new testing results shows that most of the water systems that test above the limit for PFAS in Massachusetts are in eastern Massachusetts with an near-equivalent distribution of affected systems on the North Shore, South Shore, Greater Boston, MetroWest, Merrimack Valley and on Cape Cod.

The true extent of PFAS contamination in public drinking water supplies is likely much greater, as the latest testing was done on only one-third of water systems serving 90 percent of the U.S. population.

Any public water utility with more than 3,000 customers is required to test for the 29 individual PFAS chemicals between now and 2026. The new rules require public water utilities to eventually reduce PFAS to near-zero levels.

The rule is the first national drinking water limit on toxic PFAS, which are widespread, long-lasting in the environment and have been linked to cancer and a host of other health problems. They’re ubiquitous, found in everything from food packaging and cookware to dental floss and other personal care items to children’s toys and firefighting foams.

• Related: 12 Ways To Get PFAS ‘Forever Chemicals’ Out Of Your Home And Life

Water providers are entering a new era with significant additional health standards that the EPA says will make tap water safer for millions of consumers — a Biden administration priority. The agency has also proposed forcing utilities to remove dangerous lead pipes.

Utility groups warn the rules will cost tens of billions of dollars each and fall the hardest on small communities with fewer resources. Legal challenges are sure to follow.

EPA Administrator Michael Regan said in April that the rule is the most important action the EPA has ever taken on PFAS.

"The result is a comprehensive and life-changing rule, one that will improve the health and vitality of so many communities across our country," Regan said at the time.